362-125<BR> Southern Paiute woman's hat or seed basket; sumac, pigment; h. 12.5 cm., w. 21 cm.; ca. 1880. <BR> Protection against the sun was essential in the Great Basin desert and Indian women wore diagonally twined basketry hats that often doubled as seed baskets, and vice versa. The hats also protected the forehead against the pressure of the tumpline while carrying heavy loads. A design band near the base is typical of such hats, in this case showing the same geometric design mirrored on the outside and inside in positive and negative form. This effect is sometimes the result of using splints from which the bark has been removed on one side. In other cases splints were dyed or designs were applied on a basket's surface with paint. Other hats have two or even three design bands, of varying width. (Mason 1904:490-491; Whiteford 1988:17-18,21; Fowler and Matley 1979:11,14,18-19,22-23,114,122-123; Finger 2003).<BR> <BR> 362-123, 124, 125 Twined Southern Paiute baskets<BR> The tribes of the semi-arid desert of the Great Basin lived to a substantial degree on a diet of wild plant foods. These were gathered in a seasonal round, determined by the annual harvest times of tubers, bulbs, roots, greens, fruits, seeds, and nuts. A variety of specialized baskets developed over time to gather, transport, store, prepare, and serve these foodstuffs.<BR> Twining is one of the oldest techniques with which plant fibers are woven into a variety of shapes, degrees of rigidity, and products, from flexible mats and bags to sturdy baskets and sandals. In this technique the Southern Paiutes wove winnowing trays, burden baskets, water jugs, cradles, seed beaters, and hats. In addition they produced coiled basketry: parching trays, cooking and eating baskets, and water jugs. Twined baskets were stronger and lighter than coiled burden baskets (Fowler and Dawson 1986:724-726; Whiteford 1988:15-24; Tisdale 2001:86).<BR> <BR> <BR> Deze vrouwenhoed is een van de drie gevlochten voorwerpen die Ten Kate bij de Las Vegas Paiutes heeft verzameld. Vanwege de hete zon en het droge klimaat was beschermende kleding nodig. In het Grote Bekken en elders werden daarom bolle en kegelvormige hoeden geweven of, zoals in dit geval, gevlochten van plantenvezels. Met zigzaglijnen is een ruitpatroon gecreëerd, waarbij de figuren aan de binnenkant en die aan de buitenkant wat betreft de kleur aan elkaar zijn gespiegeld.<BR> Dergelijke hoeden werden bij sommige gelegenheden ook als verzamelmandjes gebruikt.<BR>